What is a potential consequence of not taking folic acid during pregnancy?

Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, plays a critical role in fetal development, particularly in the early stages of pregnancy. One of the most significant consequences of inadequate folic acid intake during this period is the increased risk of neural tube defects, such as spina bifida.

Spina bifida is a condition where the spinal cord and surrounding structures do not close properly during fetal development, which can lead to serious physical and neurological complications after birth. Adequate folic acid consumption before and during early pregnancy can significantly reduce the likelihood of developing such defects. This is why healthcare providers emphasize the importance of folic acid supplementation for women who are planning to conceive or are in the early stages of pregnancy.

In contrast, the other options presented do not reflect the direct consequences of folic acid deficiency. Height and weight are influenced by a variety of genetic and environmental factors and are not directly tied to folic acid intake. Additionally, cognitive function is complex and influenced by numerous factors, including genetics and overall maternal health, not solely dependent on folic acid levels.